Lignocellulosic residues are waste materials that are abundant and comparatively cheap. The quality, fibre contents and chemical composition of lignocellulosic residues depend on the process of grain collection and on food processing. In this study, an investigation is conducted on the morphology, composition, surface chemistry and thermal degradation characteristics of maize, oat, barley and rye plant residues. The aim is to explore the viability of processing and producing composites. In addition, investigations are carried out to examine the potential of lignocellulosic residues as a possible reinforcement for polymeric materials.